J/A+A/ Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene (vieira+, 2011) ================================================================================ Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene L.E.A. Vieira; S.K. Solanki, N.A. Krivova, I. Usoskin ================================================================================ Keywords: Sun: activity; Sun: faculae, plages; Sun: surface magnetism; Sun: solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: sunspots; Sun: UV radiation Description: This (see file tsi_hol.dat) is a composite total solar irradiance (TSI) time series for 9495 BC to 2007 AD constructed as described in Sect. 3.3 of Vieira et al. (2011). Since the TSI is the main external heat input into the Earth's climate system, a consistent record covering as long period as possible is needed for climate models. This was our main motivation for constructing this composite TSI time series. In order to produce a representative time series, we divided the Holocene into four periods according to the available data for each period. Table 4 of Vieira et al. (2011; see below) summarizes the periods considered and the models available for each period. After the end of the Maunder Minimum we compute daily values, while prior to the end of the Maunder Minimum we compute 10-year averages. For the period for which both solar disk magnetograms and continuum images are available (period 1) we employ the SATIRE-S reconstruction (Krivova et al. 2003; Wenzler et al. 2006). SATIRE-T (Krivova et al. 2010) reconstruction is used from the beginning of the Maunder Minimum (approximately 1640 AD) to 1977 AD. Prior to 1640 AD reconstructions are based on cosmogenic isotopes (Vieira et al. 2011). Different models of the Earth's geomagnetic field are available before and after approximately 5000BC. Therefore we treat periods 3 and 4 (before and after 5000BC) separately. Further details can be found in the paper. We emphasize that the reconstructions based on different proxies have different time resolutions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4 of Vieira et al (2011). SATIRE Models employed to construct a representative TSI time series for the Holocene. Index Period Cadence Model Input Data ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1974AD - 2010AD Daily SATIRE-S Full disk magnetograms and continuum images 2 1640AD - 1974AD Daily SATIRE-T Sunspot observations 3 5000BC - 1640AD Decadal SATIRE-M Cosmogenic isotopes (14C; VADM and VDM geomagnetic field) 4 9495BC - 5000BC Decadal SATIRE-M Cosmogenic isotopes (14C; VADM geomagnetic field) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: We replaced missing values from 1 From 1974 AD to 1977 missing values computed employing SATIRE-S were replaced by SaTIRE-T. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file tsi_hol.txt 52 137350 SATIRE TSI Composite. Computed values of the TSI through the Holocene. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: tsi_hol.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 5 I4 --- year 7- 8 I4 --- month 10- 11 I4 --- day 13- 24 I4 w/(m^2) TSI SATIRE TSI Composite. 26- 37 I4 w/(m^2) TSI SATIRE TSI Composite. 10-year running after 1640 AD. 39- 50 I4 w/(m^2) Uncertainty 1-sigma error 52- 52 I4 --- Model 3=SAT-M, 2=SAT-T, 1=SAT-S, 9=NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: missing = -9999.90000 References: Krivova, N.A., Solanki, S.K., Fligge, M., & Unruh, Y.C. 2003, A&A, 399, L1 Krivova, N.A., Vieira, L.E.A., & Solanki, S.K. 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A12112 Vieira, L.E.A., Solanki, S.K., Krivova, N.A., & Usoskin, I. 2011, A&A, Wenzler, T., Solanki, S.K., Krivova, N.A., & Frohlich, C. 2006, A&A, 460, 583 ================================================================================ (End) Luis Eduardo Vieira 20-May-2011